{"id":1388,"date":"2024-10-04T12:17:21","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T10:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/caminodelospilones.com\/the-wool-industry-and-trade\/"},"modified":"2024-10-31T16:53:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T15:53:56","slug":"the-wool-industry-and-trade","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/caminodelospilones.com\/en\/the-wool-industry-and-trade\/","title":{"rendered":"The wool industry and trade"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHistory of the road\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The wool industry and trade<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Since the late Middle Ages, the exit of raw materials and manufactured goods to the different commercial circuits was carried out through narrow bridle paths such as the one of the pylons. This route connected the towns of the high mountain ranges of G\u00fadar-Maestrazgo where there was an intense production of wool. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Maestrazgo wool<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Engraving by Gustave Dor\u00e9, 1862.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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The most important economic sector that developed in the Maestrazgo in the late medieval and modern period was agriculture and livestock. The existence of large flocks of sheep, due to the granting of special privileges and concessions to farmers, allowed the production of large quantities of wool that were exported to the powerful textile industries of various cities in the Western Mediterranean, mainly in France, Italy, the Netherlands and England. <\/p>\n

Thus, the development of the textile industry and specialization of the territory that developed in parallel was conditioned by the orography of the region, with large production centers along with small centers of dispersed production. The harsh climatic conditions of winter made the inhabitants of the region take advantage of the wool surplus to produce, in the coldest months, different products such as cloths, cloths, cordellates or estame\u00f1as in their looms. Later, in the warmer months, these products were marketed over a wide geographical area. <\/p>\n

Thus, the textile industry was an important activity that made possible, in certain periods, the demographic flourishing of the region to a greater extent than a traditional agricultural economy would have allowed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Spinner (Cantavieja). Collection of photographs Grao Matesanz. CEMAT. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Textile production centers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In Maestrazgo there were different textile production centers located in the towns scattered throughout the territory, with a large number of people dedicated to this industry. In some towns there were specific guilds of pelaires and weavers, each with its own organization and governed by overseers and clavarios, people who were dedicated to controlling the production, quality and prices of the products. <\/p>\n

In Villarroya de los Pinares, in 1582 King Philip II granted a privilege to the local pelaires and weavers, establishing the guild’s trades. Each had its own organization and were under the patronage of Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de la Expectaci\u00f3n del Parto and Santa Luc\u00eda, with festivities on December 13 and 18. For the service of both guilds there was a fulling mill on the Guadalope River. <\/p>\n

In addition to selling to individuals, orders were also placed for the military. In fact, throughout the 18th century, the pelaires and weavers of Villarroya de los Pinares were commissioned to make different pieces for the clothing of the army troops. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Eaves of the Aliaga House in La Iglesuela del Cid.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A society halfway between the Middle Ages and the modern era<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In the early times after the Christian conquest, in the territory of Maestrazgo a society begins to take shape in which the bulk of the population are peasants, who are engaged in the exploitation of land and livestock. Along with them, there were artisans and merchants who specialized in the production and trade of wool and fabrics, notaries, ecclesiastics and families of the lower nobility. <\/p>\n

The rural elites owned important agricultural properties and controlled the direct exploitation of sheep farming, combining these activities with the trade of fabrics and money lending at interest. The crisis suffered between the middle of the 14th century and the end of the 15th century due to periods of famine, outbreaks of plague and wars, produced an important demographic decline in the region. From the 16th century onwards, a new period of prosperity began, in which some members of the local oligarchies built the imposing palaces that are preserved in the monumental urban centers of the towns of Maestrazgo. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\"Alto y trago de arrieros aragoneses\" by Salvador Gisbert Jimeno. Cajamar Caja Rural Art Collection. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Traveling on narrow roads<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The high mountain ranges of G\u00fadar-Maestrazgo were a place of passage for numerous products. Wheat and wool were produced in the area, and the latter was transformed into manufactured products. All of this was exported to other places from which products that the area lacked were obtained. Thus, this system generated an important transit of people, goods and animals. Travel along these routes was done on foot or with pack animals. Due to their robustness, size and resistance, mules (a cross between a mare and a donkey or ass) were usually used, animals that were driven by transport professionals or by people who alternated this activity with others. <\/p>\n

These routes were not free of risks. In fact, one of the most feared was the existence of bandits, highwaymen and men of bad life that made the transit between villages difficult. <\/p>\n

Banditry was especially intense between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries in these mountain areas, a situation that forced the declaration of a state of exception for the Bayl\u00edas of Aliaga, Cantavieja and Castellote, where harsher penalties than those of the Aragonese fuero were applied.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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In the documents preserved, special mention is made of banditry, vagrancy and the formation of gangs in the mountains and on the roads. Those who manufactured, sold or repaired weapons for the bandits or gave them food were also punished, except those who were forced to do so and gave an account to the Justice or Jurors of the town. <\/p>\n

The groups of bandits were composed of the most disadvantaged, poor peasants or people who were poorly integrated into society. Banditry proliferated in times of low agricultural production and in periods of war and conflict and especially affected areas of complicated orography, trade routes and border areas where to take refuge. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Bibliography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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ASSO, Ignacio de, “Historia de la econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica de Arag\u00f3n”, Zaragoza, 1798, (prologue and indexes by Jos\u00e9 Manuel Casas Torres), Zaragoza, CSIC, 1947.<\/p>\n

FEBRER ROMAGUERA, Manuel Vicente; SANCHIS ALFONSO, Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n, “La configuraci\u00f3n del dominio feudal de la Orden de San Juan del Hospital en las Bail\u00edas de Aliaga, Cantavieja y Castellote (siglos XII-XIX), Villarroya de los Pinares, Ayuntamiento de Villarroya de los Pinares, 2003.<\/p>\n

MADOZ, Pascual, “Diccionario Geogr\u00e1fico-Estad\u00edstico-Hist\u00f3rico de Espa\u00f1a y sus posesiones de ultramar”, Madrid, 1845-1850.<\/p>\n

PEIR\u00d3 ARROYO, Antonio. “Time of industry. Las Tierras Altas turolenses, de la riqueza a la despoblaci\u00f3n”. Zaragoza. CEDDAR-IET, 2000. <\/p>\n

ROYO P\u00c9REZ, Vicent (coord.) “When Maestrazgo raised its palaces. Society, architecture and art in medieval and modern times”. Comarca del Maestrazgo, 2022. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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History of the road The wool industry and trade Since the late Middle Ages, the exit of raw materials and manufactured goods to the different commercial circuits was carried out through narrow bridle paths such as the one of the pylons. This route connected the towns of the high mountain ranges of G\u00fadar-Maestrazgo where there […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1388","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe wool industry and trade - Camino de los Pilones<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/caminodelospilones.com\/en\/the-wool-industry-and-trade\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The wool industry and trade - Camino de los Pilones\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"History of the road The wool industry and trade Since the late Middle Ages, the exit of raw materials and manufactured goods to the different commercial circuits was carried out through narrow bridle paths such as the one of the pylons. 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